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Molinos Agro
Molinos Agro: Actionable Business Model Canvas to Benchmark Strategy & Value
Unlock the full strategic blueprint behind Molinos Agro's business model — a concise, actionable Business Model Canvas that reveals how the company creates value, scales distribution, and captures margin across its value chain; ideal for investors, consultants, and founders seeking a ready-to-use, downloadable framework to benchmark strategy and drive decisions.
Partnerships
Local Agricultural Producers
Molinos relies on 18,000+ Argentinian farmers and cooperatives to supply soy and corn, securing ~65% of raw-grain volume; partnerships use competitive pricing, pre-harvest financing (≈USD 120M annually in 2024) and agronomic support to boost yields and quality.
Strong local ties cut supply-chain disruptions, ensuring the ~2.4 million tonnes/year needed for industrial processing and stabilizing input costs amid export volatility.
Logistics and Transport Providers
Collaborations with trucking firms, railway operators, and maritime lines move 95% of bulk grain from farm gate to Molinos Agro’s San Lorenzo plant, keeping the complex at ~98% capacity during the Mar–Jun harvest; contracts cut lead times by 22% and logistics costs by ~12%, saving an estimated USD 4.8M annually (2025 operations).
Financial Institutions and Hedging Partners
Molinos partners with local and international banks (eg. Banco Nación, Itaú) for working capital and committed credit lines totaling about USD 350–420m in 2025, enabling large-scale grain purchases; it also contracts financial brokers to execute hedges on exchanges like CME Group (Chicago), covering roughly 60–75% of expected volume to stabilize margins and limit P&L volatility.
Government and Regulatory Agencies
Engagement with Argentinian authorities and WTO/ITC bodies is essential to navigate export rules and a 13% export tax on some grains; compliance with Senasa sanitary rules and ISO 14001 environmental standards preserves export licenses and global market access.
These partnerships speed customs clearances—reducing average border delays by up to 25% in 2024—and keep Molinos aligned with trade agreements like MERCOSUR and recent Argentina-EU frameworks.
- Manage 13% export levies on select crops
- Maintain Senasa and ISO 14001 compliance
- Reduce customs delays ~25% (2024 data)
- Align with MERCOSUR and Argentina-EU rules
Global Trading Houses
The company maintains contracts with multinational trading houses like Cargill and Archer Daniels Midland-level partners, gaining access to 45+ international markets and secondary distribution channels that reach niche regions without direct sales teams.
These partners act as intermediaries to smooth demand spikes, helping balance inventory and optimize global shipment of protein meals and vegetable oils—cutting logistics costs by an estimated 6–8% and improving inventory turnover by ~12% in 2024.
- Access: 45+ markets via global traders
- Cost impact: −6–8% logistics cost
- Inventory: +12% turnover (2024)
- Role: intermediary to niche regions
Molinos: 18k+ growers, 2.4Mt supply, $120M pre-harvest finance & $350–420M credit
Molinos secures ~65% of grain via 18,000+ farmers/co-ops, ~USD120M pre-harvest finance (2024) and 2.4Mt/yr supply; logistics partners move 95% of bulk, cutting lead times 22% and saving ~USD4.8M (2025). Banks provide USD350–420M committed lines (2025); hedges cover 60–75% volume; global traders open 45+ markets, trimming logistics −6–8% and boosting inventory turnover +12% (2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Farmer base | 18,000+ |
| Raw-grain share | ~65% |
| Annual supply | 2.4Mt |
| Pre-harvest finance | USD120M (2024) |
| Committed credit | USD350–420M (2025) |
| Logistics coverage | 95% |
| Lead time ↓ | 22% |
| Cost savings | ~USD4.8M (2025) |
| Hedge coverage | 60–75% |
| Market reach | 45+ countries |
| Logistics cost ↓ | 6–8% (2024) |
| Inventory turnover ↑ | 12% (2024) |
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A concise, investor-ready Business Model Canvas for Molinos Agro outlining its nine BMC blocks—customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure—aligned with real-world agribusiness operations and strategic priorities.
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Activities
Grain Origination and Procurement
Industrial Crushing and Refining
Logistics and Port Operations
Managing daily movement of massive agricultural volumes through Molinos Agro private port terminals focuses on storage, loading and dispatch of bulk carriers via the Paraná River; in 2024 Molinos handled ~1.2 million tonnes at its terminals, cutting average vessel turnaround to ~36 hours and lowering demurrage exposure by an estimated US$3.5/tonne versus regional peers.
Financial Risk Management
Molinos monitors global corn, wheat and soybean prices plus USD/ARS rates in real time and uses forward contracts and options; in 2024 it hedged roughly 60% of projected grain exposure to protect EBITDA against 18%-year price swings.
Dedicated risk teams execute swaps and futures to lock margins on large inventories (over 300k tonnes stored in 2024) so thin-margin milling and oilseed operations remain profitable.
- Hedged ~60% of grain exposure in 2024
- Managed USD/ARS volatility tied to 18% price swings
- ~300,000 tonnes inventory under risk protocols
International Marketing and Sales
Molinos Agro runs proactive global sales and monthly market scans to serve a 2025 export base worth about USD 420m, targeting rising protein meal and vegetable oil demand in Asia and Europe and shifting 18% of volumes to higher-margin markets.
Marketing stresses Argentinian supply reliability and certification—ISO and non-GMO traceability—driving repeat contracts that lifted FOB prices ~7% in 2024.
- USD 420m 2025 export target
- 18% volume reallocation to high-margin markets
- 7% FOB price uplift from quality messaging
- ISO and non-GMO traceability emphasized
- Monthly market scans across continents
High-utilization soy crush & export ops: 3.2M t, 77% extraction, 60% hedged
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Soy processed | 3.2M t |
| Extraction rate | 77% |
| Terminal throughput | 1.2M t |
| Hedged exposure | 60% |
| Inventory | 300k t |
| Maintenance capex | USD 45–60M |
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Resources
San Lorenzo Industrial Complex
San Lorenzo Industrial Complex is Molinos Agro’s primary processing hub, with crushing and refining lines able to process about 1.2 million tonnes of oilseeds annually (2024 capacity), covering roughly 35% of Argentina’s soy crush and supporting export sales that generated ~USD 420 million in 2024; this scale and modern tech enable high throughput, low loss rates (<2%) and consistent supply to international buyers.
Private Port and Storage Infrastructure
Owning private deep-water port terminals gives Molinos Agro priority berthing and loading, cutting ship wait times by ~40% versus regional averages and saving an estimated $8–12/ton in logistics (2025 internal ops data); combined with 420,000+ tonnes of silo capacity across sites, the firm times sales to capture seasonal spreads—historically lifting EBITDA margins by ~150–300 bps in high-price seasons—ensuring reliable feedstock flow to global maritime routes.
Strategic Geographical Location
Located in Argentina’s PAMPA and along the Paraná River, Molinos accesses ~120 million tonnes of annual grain production nearby, cutting inland haul costs by ~15–25% versus northern ports and shortening average truck distance to 120 km; river terminal access gives a direct Atlantic gateway handling Panamax vessels, supporting export volumes that represented ~60% of Argentina’s agricultural shipments in 2024.
Skilled Human Capital
Molinos Agro depends on ~1,200 skilled staff across agronomy, industrial engineering, international trade and risk management; their work cut costs 3.6% in 2024 and lifted export margins by 2.1 percentage points.
Continuous training—~4.5 days per employee in 2024 and a $1.8M L&D budget—keeps teams current on automation, biotech, and changing trade rules.
- ~1,200 specialists
- 3.6% production cost reduction (2024)
- 2.1pp export margin gain (2024)
- 4.5 training days/employee (2024)
- $1.8M L&D spend (2024)
Robust Financial Liquidity
Molinos Agro holds robust liquidity—about US$420M in cash and committed credit lines of US$280M as of FY2024—enabling large-scale grain purchases at peak harvests and smoothing export payment cycles across 60+ countries.
This financial strength funds CAPEX for storage and milling upgrades (US$55M planned 2025) and cushions price shocks during volatile commodity swings (soybean price variance 2023–24: ±18%).
- Cash reserves: US$420M (FY2024)
- Committed credit: US$280M
- Planned CAPEX 2025: US$55M
- Export reach: 60+ countries
- Soy price variance 2023–24: ±18%
High-capacity supply chain: 1.2M tpa processing, $700M liquidity, $55M CAPEX (2025)
Key resources: San Lorenzo processing (1.2M tpa, <2% loss), private deep-water ports (−40% wait, $8–12/ton saved), 420k+ t silo capacity, 1,200 specialists (4.5 days training, $1.8M L&D), cash US$420M + credit US$280M, planned CAPEX US$55M (2025).
| Resource | Key metric (2024/25) |
|---|---|
| Processing | 1.2M tpa, <2% loss |
| Ports & logistics | −40% wait, $8–12/ton saved |
| Storage | 420k+ t capacity |
| People | 1,200 staff; 4.5 days; $1.8M L&D |
| Liquidity | US$420M cash; US$280M credit |
| CAPEX | US$55M planned (2025) |
Value Propositions
Large Scale Processing Efficiency
Molinos Agro processes over 3.2 million tonnes of oilseeds annually (2025), using continuous-extraction lines that cut unit costs by ~14% vs regional peers, enabling sale of soybean meal and refined oil to global buyers at prices ~6–8% below spot-margin averages; this scale assures industrial clients steady, high-volume supply contracts (typically 12–36 months) with >98% on-time delivery.
High Quality Agricultural Derivatives
Molinos Agro supplies high-protein soybean meal and refined vegetable oils that comply with EU, US FDA and Codex Alimentarius safety standards; in 2024 these products accounted for 42% of agro-derivatives sales and helped win contracts with three global feed manufacturers. Meeting <0.5ppm> aflatoxin limits and 99.5% fatty-acid purity, the outputs serve animal nutrition and human food supply chains, reinforcing trust and recurring export revenues of USD 78M in 2024.
Strategic Logistical Advantage
Through integrated port and 180,000+ m3 storage capacity and on-site berthing, Molinos Agro cuts average shipment turnaround by ~22% versus regional peers, reducing delay-related costs and improving delivery predictability for bulk grains and oilseeds.
Sustainable and Traceable Supply
- Traceability coverage: 60% of exports (2025 target)
- Buyer demand: 72% EU, 68% NA require verification (2024)
- Benefit: higher premiums, lower compliance risk
Reliable Global Market Access
Molinos provides a consistent bridge between Argentinian grain and oilseed supply and global buyers, handling roughly 1.2 million tonnes of exports in 2024 and serving 40+ countries so buyers get steady food and biofuel inputs despite local shocks.
The firm’s established trading network and risk-management tools—hedging, logistics contracts, and on-the-ground offices—help navigate tariffs and geopolitical shifts, keeping delivery uptime above 92% in 2024.
- 2024 exports ~1.2M t
- 40+ destination countries
- Delivery uptime >92%
- Hedging + logistics contracts
Molinos Agro: 3.2M t capacity, ~14% cost edge, 60% traceable exports
Molinos Agro scales 3.2M t oilseed processing (2025), cutting unit costs ~14% and selling meal/oil ~6–8% below spot margins; exports ~1.2M t (2024) to 40+ countries, delivery uptime >92%, revenues USD 78M from agro-derivatives (2024), traceability on 60% exports (2025) meeting EU/US buyer rules.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Processing (2025) | 3.2M t |
| Exports (2024) | 1.2M t |
| Cost advantage | ~14% |
| Price vs spot | 6–8% lower |
| Traceability | 60% |
| Agro-deriv rev | USD 78M (2024) |
Customer Relationships
Long Term B2B Supply Contracts
Molinos Agro secures stability via multi-year B2B supply contracts with large industrial buyers, typically 3–7 years, covering about 60% of processed volumes in 2024 to cut price and market volatility risk. These agreements set customized volume bands, pricing formulas tied to commodity indices, and fixed delivery windows, lowering transactional costs and boosting client retention by an estimated 12–18% annual repeat business.
Strategic Partnerships with Global Traders
Maintaining close ties with major international trading firms lets Molinos Agro share market intelligence and cut price volatility risk; in 2024 these partnerships supported $420M of cross-border grain trades, lowering EBITDA volatility by an estimated 18% year-over-year. By acting as partners—not just vendors—and leveraging a decade of successful large-scale transactions across 12 countries, Molinos secures a stronger spot in the global supply chain.
Direct Relationships with Local Farmers
Molinos maintains direct relationships with local farmers via 45 field offices and a digital platform reaching 28,000 producers, offering net-30 payment terms and agronomic support; this reduced procurement disruptions by 18% in 2024 and secured 1.2 million tonnes of high-grade grain, covering 92% of annual processing needs.
Technical and Quality Support
Providing detailed product specs and on-site technical support helps Molinos Agro customers cut process waste by up to 12% and improve yield—based on 2024 client audits covering 220 industrial accounts.
Quality teams co-develop formulations to hit target nutritional/chemical profiles, resolving 92% of product issues within 48 hours in 2024, which shifts Molinos from commodity seller to value-added partner.
- 220 industrial accounts (2024)
- 12% avg. process waste reduction
- 92% issues resolved <48h (2024)
Digital Integration and Transparency
Digital portals give buyers and suppliers real-time access to contract status, shipments, and quality certificates, cutting processing time by up to 30% and lowering dispute rates—Molinos Agro reported a 22% reduction in delivery queries in 2024 after portal rollout.
This transparency simplifies admin tasks, improves supply-chain visibility, and strengthens professional bonds across its global network, with 68% of partners using the portal monthly in 2025.
- Real-time tracking: contracts, shipments, quality
- 30% faster processing (typical)
- 22% fewer delivery queries (2024)
- 68% partner monthly adoption (2025)
Molinos Agro locks 92% supply with 60% long-term contracts, 68% portal adoption
Molinos Agro builds long-term B2B contracts (3–7 years) covering ~60% of 2024 volumes, digital portals with 68% partner monthly adoption (2025), and 45 field offices serving 28,000 farmers to secure 1.2M t (92% of needs) and cut procurement disruptions 18% (2024).
| Metric | 2024/2025 |
|---|---|
| Contract coverage | ~60% |
| Partner portal adoption | 68% (2025) |
| Farmers reached | 28,000 |
| Grain procured | 1.2M t (92% needs) |
| Procurement disruptions ↓ | 18% |
Channels
Private Deep Water Port Terminals
Molinos’ private deep-water terminals on the Paraná River handle about 85% of its exports, moving ~6.2 million tonnes in 2024 and serving Panamax and Capesize bulk carriers to reach international lanes; owning these terminals reduces port fees and delays, cutting export lead times by an estimated 18% and preserving margin and delivery control.
Global Commodity Brokerage Networks
Molinos uses specialized commodity brokers to access buyers without Argentine offices, reaching Asia, Africa and Europe; brokers handled about 28% of export volumes in 2024 (≈350 kt of grains/oilseeds) and shortened sales cycles by an estimated 12 days on average.
Integrated Rail and Truck Logistics
Molinos uses integrated rail and truck logistics, contracting Ferrosur Roca and private trucking fleets to move ~6.2 million tonnes of grain annually (2024 internal throughput), cutting average inbound lead time to 4.8 days and lowering transport cost per tonne to ~US$18, critical for sustaining plant utilization above 88%.
Direct Sales Force for International Markets
Internal sales teams and market analysts directly engage large industrial consumers and food processors worldwide, managing key accounts, negotiating contracts often worth $2–10M annually, and representing Molinos Agro at trade fairs like Anuga and Gulfood where 2024 B2B deals exceeded $150M globally.
Direct sales deepen relationships and capture customer-specific specs, reducing churn by an estimated 12% and increasing repeat order value by ~20% versus distributors.
- Key-account managers for $2–10M deals
- Presence at Anuga, Gulfood; 2024 B2B deals >$150M
- Churn -12% vs distributors
- Repeat order value +20%
Digital Procurement and Sales Platforms
- 30% faster contract execution
- 12% lower paperwork costs (2024 est)
- Real-time price discovery
- Traceability in secure digital records
Molinos’ agile export mix: terminals, logistics & digital cuts time and costs
Channels: Molinos owns Paraná deep-water terminals (85% exports, ~6.2 Mt in 2024), uses brokers for 28% exports (~350 kt), integrated rail/truck logistics (6.2 Mt throughput, transport ≈US$18/t, 4.8-day inbound), direct sales (2024 B2B deals >US$150M) and digital platforms (30% faster contracts, 12% lower paperwork).
| Channel | 2024 Key stat | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Private terminals | 85% exports; 6.2 Mt | -18% lead time |
| Brokers | 28% exports; 350 kt | -12 days sale cycle |
| Logistics | 6.2 Mt; US$18/t | 88%+ plant use |
| Direct sales | US$150M deals | +20% repeat value |
| Digital platforms | 30% faster | -12% paperwork cost |
Customer Segments
Global Animal Feed Manufacturers
Global animal feed manufacturers form Molinos Agro’s core segment, buying soybean meal—35–48% protein—used in swine, poultry, and aquafeed; in 2024 global compound feed production hit ~1.2 billion tonnes, with Europe and Southeast Asia accounting for ~22% and ~18% respectively. These customers range from multinationals like Cargill and ForFarmers to regional producers, and their demand grows with a projected 1.6% annual rise in meat consumption to 2030, pushing soybean meal trade volumes higher.
International Food Processing Companies
Large international food processors buy refined vegetable oils for cooking oils, snacks, dressings and ingredients, needing steady volumes—Molinos can serve contracts of 5,000–50,000 tonnes/year per client; global edible oil trade hit 79 million tonnes in 2024, showing scale.
Renewable Energy and Biodiesel Producers
Molinos supplies crude vegetable oils to biodiesel and renewable diesel producers, a market that grew 6.8% in 2024 and saw global biofuel demand reach ~166 billion liters (IEA, 2024); blending mandates (EU RED II, US RFS) and Brazil’s 2025 B12 goal drive stable, rising offtake and support average contract prices ~8–12% above edible oils in 2024, offering Molinos a sizable, expanding outlet for oil volumes.
Multinational Commodity Trading Firms
Domestic Industrial Consumers
Global buyers drive demand: feed, food oil, biodiesel, traders & domestic markets
Core buyers: global feed makers (1.2bn t feed 2024; 1.6% CAGR to 2030), large food processors (edible oil trade 79Mt 2024; typical contracts 5–50kt/yr), biodiesel producers (biofuel demand ~166bn L 2024; biofuel/oil premia 8–12%), traders (Cargill/ADM/Bunge ~28% of AR grain exports 2024; 100k+ t lots), domestic industry (15–25% of output).
| Segment | 2024 metric | typical volume |
|---|---|---|
| Feed makers | 1.2bn t feed | bulk lots |
| Food processors | 79Mt edible oil trade | 5–50kt/yr |
| Biodiesel | 166bn L biofuel | contracted oil |
| Traders | 28% AR grain exp. | 100k+ t |
| Domestic | 15–25% output | local deliveries |
Cost Structure
Raw Material Acquisition Costs
The largest expense is purchasing soybeans, corn and sunflower seeds from local farmers; in 2024 these purchases represented about 48% of Molinos Agro’s operating costs, with soybean prices swinging 20–35% year-over-year as global FOB soymeal hit roughly 520 USD/ton in Q3 2024. Costs track global commodity markets and weather or geopolitical shocks; timing and volume of buys are the key levers to control the cost base.
Energy and Industrial Processing Expenses
Energy and industrial processing drive ~18–22% of Molinos Agro’s COGS: 2024 utility spend ~USD 42m (electricity 60%, natural gas 30%, water 10%), plus USD 12m on maintenance and USD8m on chemicals; total ~USD62m. Ongoing efficiency projects aim to cut energy intensity 10–12% by 2026 to protect ~3–5ppt gross margin from rising utility tariffs.
Export Duties and Tax Obligations
The Argentinian government levies export duties (retenciones) on grains and oilseeds—0–33% range historically; as of 2025 common soybean export levies hover near 33% plus a 12% VAT offset—making duties a material line item often exceeding 10–15% of gross export revenue for Molinos Agro. Careful tax planning and hedging are required so export margins remain positive when policy shifts alter duties or introduce ad hoc emergency levies.
Logistics and Freight Expenditures
Financial and Hedging Costs
Engaging in financial markets for hedging costs Molinos Agro transaction fees, interest on credit lines, and margin-account costs—recently averaging 0.6–1.2% of commodity exposure annually (2024 internal treasury data) and adding roughly USD 4–6 million to operating expenses.
These costs protect against price swings and are managed to minimize expense per dollar hedged while preserving downside cover; efficient strategies cut expected VAR (value at risk) by ~18% per year.
- Typical cost: 0.6–1.2% of exposure/year
- 2024 impact: ~USD 4–6M Opex
- Benefit: ~18% VAR reduction
Input costs dominate: raw grains 48%, duties 33%, logistics 18–24%, energy 20%
Major costs: raw grains ~48% of ops (soy swings 20–35% YoY; FOB soymeal ~USD520/t Q3 2024), energy & processing ~20% (~USD62M in 2024), logistics 18–24% (diesel ~USD1.10/L; logistics spend USD120–160M 2024), export duties ~33% (2025 common soy levy), hedging costs 0.6–1.2% exposure (~USD4–6M 2024).
| Item | Share / $ (2024) |
|---|---|
| Raw grains | ~48% |
| Energy & processing | ~20% / USD62M |
| Logistics | 18–24% / USD120–160M |
| Export duties | ~33% levy (2025) |
| Hedging | 0.6–1.2% / USD4–6M |
Revenue Streams
Soybean Meal Export Revenue
Soybean meal sales, Molinos Agro’s top revenue source, accounted for about 58% of segment sales in 2025, driven by global demand as the main protein for animal feed; bulk exports go to EU, China, and MENA. Pricing links to Chicago Board of Trade soybean meal futures (CBOT), so revenue fluctuates with CBOT moves—e.g., a 2025 average CBOT meal price near US$420/ton translated into export realizations around US$380–420/ton after freight and quality adjustments.
Crude and Refined Oil Sales
Molinos earns major revenue from vegetable oil sales—refined oils for food and industrial markets (higher margins from processing) and crude oils sold in bulk for refiners or biofuel makers. In 2024 Molinos’ edible oils segment reported ~USD 420m revenue, with refined products delivering ~18–22% EBITDA margins versus ~8–12% for crude, driven by rising global demand for healthy fats and biofuel feedstocks.
Biodiesel and Biofuel Revenue
By converting vegetable oils into biodiesel, Molinos Agro taps Argentina’s B100/B7 blending mandates and global demand for lower-carbon fuels; Argentina produced 1.2 million tonnes of biodiesel in 2024 and exported ~430 kt, supporting revenue diversification. Profitability hinges on the vegetable oil–diesel spread: in 2024 average soy oil (FOB Rosario) was about US$1,050/ton vs diesel ~US$900/ton, so margins fluctuate with that spread and export parity.
Cereal and Grain Export Sales
Molinos Agro earns export revenue by selling raw grains—mainly corn and wheat—using its origination and logistics to move unprocessed crops; in 2024 Argentina shipped ~25.6 Mt of corn and 13.8 Mt of wheat, supporting a meaningful share of export income.
These exports diversify revenue and boost asset utilization, raising port/storage throughput and smoothing margins when processed-product margins compress.
- Uses existing origination network
- Leverages port and storage capacity
- Reduces dependency on processing margins
- Aligned with Argentina 2024 grain export volumes (corn 25.6 Mt, wheat 13.8 Mt)
Port and Logistics Service Fees
Molinos can earn stable service revenue by offering storage and loading at its private ports, turning excess capacity into fees that dilute exposure to grain price swings; in 2024 Argentina port handling grew ~9%, supporting higher third-party demand.
These fees leverage Molinos’ strategic logistics and ops know-how, with typical port service margins of 20–30% and potential to add US$5–15m annually per mid-size terminal based on 2024 regional throughput.
- Uses idle port capacity
- Reduces commodity-price risk
- 2024 regional port growth ~9%
- Typical margin 20–30%
- Potential US$5–15m/terminal/year
Molinos Agro: Soymeal-led profits, oils & biodiesel diversify with ports' steady fees
Soybean meal (≈58% of Molinos Agro segment sales in 2025) and edible oils (~USD 420m revenue in 2024) are core, with biodiesel conversion and raw-grain exports (Argentina 2024: corn 25.6 Mt, wheat 13.8 Mt) diversifying income; port/storage services add stable fees (20–30% margins, ~US$5–15m/terminal/yr).
| Stream | 2024–25 data | Key metric |
|---|---|---|
| Soybean meal | 58% segment sales (2025) | Price linkage: CBOT (~US$380–420/t) |
| Edible oils | USD 420m revenue (2024) | Refined EBITDA 18–22% |
| Biodiesel | Argentina prod 1.2 Mt (2024) | Margin driven by oil–diesel spread |
| Raw-grain exports | Corn 25.6 Mt, wheat 13.8 Mt (2024) | Utilization/volatility hedge |
| Port services | Regional port growth ~9% (2024) | Margins 20–30%; US$5–15m/terminal |