{"product_id":"sonypictures-business-model-canvas","title":"Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. Business Model Canvas","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSony Pictures Business Model Canvas: Fast, Actionable Insights for Investors \u0026amp; Founders\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlock the full strategic blueprint behind Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.'s business model—this concise Business Model Canvas exposes how the studio creates value through content IP, distribution networks, and strategic partnerships, while monetizing via box office, licensing, and streaming deals; perfect for investors, consultants, and founders seeking actionable insights. Purchase the full Canvas (Word \u0026amp; Excel) to access all nine building blocks, financial implications, and implementation tips.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eartnerships\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrategic Streaming Distribution Alliances\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures Entertainment keeps pay-one-window licensing deals with Netflix and Disney, securing guaranteed revenue—Sony reported $1.8B in U.S. home entertainment and streaming licensing revenue in FY2024—so films earn predictable payouts after theatrical runs without the cost of a general streamer, letting Sony act as a content supplier and extract maximum library value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCollaborative Marvel Universe Ventures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Marvel Studios\/Disney alliance remains a cornerstone for Sony Pictures Entertainment’s Spider-Man IP, driving $9.2B global box office for MCU-related releases through 2024 and lifting Sony’s Spider-Man–linked titles to combined grosses above $5.8B since 2016.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Theater Circuit Operators\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures relies on major exhibitors—AMC Entertainment (market cap ~$5.1B as of Dec 2025), Regal (Cineworld’s US arm), and Cinemark—to secure premium screens and opening-weekend reach; revenue splits typically range 50–60% exhibitor to 40–50% studio for early weeks, with blended shares varying by title, and coordinated marketing can lift first-weekend box office by 15–30%. Strong exhibitor ties also win extended theatrical windows for tentpoles, driving higher domestic grosses (e.g., Spider-Man 2021-style openings exceeding $250M).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCo-Production and Independent Studios\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures Entertainment partners with independents like Blumhouse and Legendary to share production costs and secure distribution rights, cutting studio risk while expanding genre and budget diversity; in 2024 SPE released ~45 films and leveraged co-productions that reduced average studio capital per title by an estimated 30%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShared costs: ~30% lower studio spend per co-pro\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolume: ~45 releases in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenre reach: horror, sci-fi, franchise, indie\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistribution: retained global rights for key markets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSony Group Internal Synergies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollaboration with Sony Interactive Entertainment and Sony Music Group lets Sony Pictures adapt PlayStation franchises like God of War and Horizon—franchises with \u0026gt;140 million cumulative PlayStation sales by 2024—into films and series, tapping built-in fan bases to lower marketing risk and boost opening-weekend and streaming engagement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis internal IP reuse increased cross-divisional revenue synergy; Sony Corp reported ¥13.8 trillion consolidated revenue in FY2024, showing the brand-ecosystem lift and diversified consumer touchpoints across gaming, music, and screen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeverage: PlayStation IP (\u0026gt;140M unit sales)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReach: Sony Corp FY2024 revenue ¥13.8T\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenefit: lower marketing risk, built-in audiences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSony Pictures: $1.8B U.S. licensing, MCU synergies, 45 releases \u0026amp; PlayStation IP power\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures relies on pay-one-window deals (Netflix, Disney) for $1.8B U.S. 2024 licensing, MCU\/Disney Spider-Man collaboration (MCU box office $9.2B thru 2024; Sony Spider-Man titles $5.8B+ since 2016), exhibitor splits ~50–60% to theaters, ~45 releases in 2024 with ~30% lower studio spend via co-productions, and PlayStation IP (\u0026gt;140M units) cross-divisionally driving studio synergy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLicensing rev (US FY2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$1.8B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMCU box office thru 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$9.2B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSony Spider-Man gross since 2016\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$5.8B+\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReleases (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlayStation sales\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;140M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise Business Model Canvas for Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.: maps nine BMC blocks—customer segments (theaters, streaming platforms, advertisers, global audiences), value propositions (premium film\/TV IP, production\/distribution scale, franchise ecosystems), channels (theatrical, streaming, TV, licensing), customer relationships (brand-led engagement, marketing, talent partnerships), revenue streams (box office, licensing, SVOD\/TV fees, merchandising), key resources (IP libraries, studios, talent, distribution networks), key activities (production, distribution, marketing, licensing), key partners (studios, platforms, talent agencies, distributors), and cost structure (production, marketing, talent, distribution) while highlighting competitive advantages, risks, and strategic opportunities for investors and analysts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-level view of Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.’s business model with editable cells—condenses content creation, distribution, and licensing strategies into a one-page snapshot to save hours of structuring and enable quick team collaboration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003ectivities\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eContent Production and Development\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures Entertainment (Columbia, TriStar) runs end-to-end content production: script buys, talent deals, filming, VFX and post. In 2024 SPE’s global box office was about $3.2B and studio segment operating income was $2.1B in FY2024, so it invests to build multi-year franchises and IP that drive streaming, licensing, and theme-park revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Distribution and Logistics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures Entertainment runs a global distribution network reaching 200+ countries, coordinating theatrical, TV, and home-ent channels to support $8.2B 2024 content revenue across Sony Corp consolidated segments; precise scheduling and local marketing boost opening-week box office gains (e.g., 15–30% higher in localized campaigns), while logistics staff and digital platforms handle worldwide physical and streaming delivery at scale.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntellectual Property Management and Licensing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures Entertainment protects and monetizes a library of over 3,500 films and thousands of TV episodes, generating roughly $9.3 billion in global content licensing and distribution revenue in 2024 across theatrical, streaming, broadcast, and home entertainment channels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSPE negotiates complex licensing deals with streamers, broadcasters, and merchandise partners—securing multi-year output and windowing agreements and licensing fees that can exceed $100M per tentpole—while actively managing IP to refresh legacy titles via restorations, remasters, and franchise extensions to sustain long-term revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMarketing and Brand Promotion\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures runs large-scale promotional campaigns—digital ads, press tours, social media, and brand tie-ins—to boost awareness and demand for theatrical releases and franchises, which helped drive 2024 global box office revenue of roughly $4.8 billion across Columbia Pictures and affiliated labels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarketing also supports licensed content performance on platforms like Netflix and Amazon, where Sony reported 2024 content licensing revenue near $1.2 billion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital ads, press tours, social media, brand partnerships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContributed to ~$4.8B box office (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupported ~$1.2B content licensing revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNiche Streaming Operations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures runs Crunchyroll, a DTC anime platform where SPE handles content licensing, original commissions, community events, and platform ops to grow subscribers and collect first-party data; Crunchyroll reported ~6.5 million subscribers and $196M revenue in FY2024, helping SPE own a fast-growing niche.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContent acquisition \u0026amp; originals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommunity \u0026amp; events\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlatform maintenance \u0026amp; data\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.5M subs (2024), $196M revenue (FY2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocus: exclusives \u0026amp; integrated fan experiences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSony Pictures: $8–9B Content Engine, $2.1B Studio Profit \u0026amp; 6.5M Crunchyroll Subs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSony Pictures runs end-to-end film\/TV production, global distribution (200+ countries), IP monetization (3,500+ films), marketing, licensing deals, and Crunchyroll DTC ops (6.5M subs, $196M FY2024), driving FY2024 studio operating income ~$2.1B and contributing to ~$8–9B+ consolidated content revenues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlobal box office (SPE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$3.2B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStudio operating income\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$2.1B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContent\/licensing revenue (consol.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$8–9B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLibrary titles\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3,500+\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCrunchyroll subs \/ revenue\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.5M \/ $196M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eDelivered as Displayed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Business Model Canvas\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document you're previewing is the actual Sony Pictures Entertainment Business Model Canvas—not a mockup or sample—and it reflects the exact structure and content you’ll receive after purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpon completing your order, you’ll instantly download this same professional, ready-to-edit file, formatted and organized exactly as shown, with no hidden pages or altered layouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56748691423609,"sku":"sonypictures-business-model-canvas","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/sonypictures-business-model-canvas.png?v=1772210632","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/sonypictures-business-model-canvas","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}