{"product_id":"petvalu-five-forces-analysis","title":"Pet Valu Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGo Beyond the Preview—Access the Full Strategic Report\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePet Valu faces moderate buyer power and intense rivalry from national chains and online retailers, while supplier influence and substitutes shape margins and growth potential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore Pet Valu’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentration of global pet food manufacturers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor players Nestle Purina and Mars Petcare control roughly 40–50% of global premium pet food sales (2024 Euromonitor), giving them strong leverage over pricing and product allocation for retailers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheir brands are essential inventory for Pet Valu, so Pet Valu must keep tight supplier ties to secure steady stock and priority on new-product launches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExpansion of proprietary private label brands\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy launching proprietary brands like Performatrin, Pet Valu cut reliance on third-party suppliers, with private-label sales rising to about 18% of merchandise revenue by FY2024, helping capture higher gross margins (private label margin ~32% vs national brands ~22% in 2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLogistical scale and distribution network\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePet Valu runs a national distribution network with 350+ stores and a 2024 revenue of CAD 631M, giving it leverage over small regional suppliers that depend on its footprint to reach ~12M annual customer visits; this shifts bargaining power to the retailer. Pet Valu’s in-house logistics and centralized warehousing cut supplier switching costs and lower disruption risk—inventory fill rates stayed above 95% in FY2024, reducing supplier leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSwitching costs for premium ingredient sourcing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSwitching costs are low for commodity pet-food inputs but high for specialized organic or niche ingredients used in Pet Valu’s super-premium lines, giving those suppliers leverage when few certified sources meet quality standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLimited alternative suppliers for ingredients like human-grade protein or certified-organic botanicals can pressure margins, yet Pet Valu’s ~$1.2B 2024 retail scale and nationwide buying footprint let it secure multi-year contracts and volume discounts to stabilize costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommodity inputs: low switching cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecialty inputs: high supplier leverage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePet Valu scale (≈$1.2B 2024) enables long-term contracts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolume discounts and supplier diversification reduce risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImportance of the Canadian market volume\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Canada’s largest specialty pet retailer, Pet Valu’s ~620 stores and 2024 Canadian retail sales around CAD 980 million give it outsized volume clout with suppliers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManufacturers often grant preferential pricing, promotional funding, or exclusive SKUs to secure shelf space across Pet Valu’s footprint, cutting supplier margins but boosting Pet Valu’s assortment control.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume-based leverage keeps supplier power moderate: suppliers need Pet Valu access for scale, yet strong brands can still negotiate terms; in 2024 private-label penetration near 18% raised Pet Valu bargaining further.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~620 stores (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAD 980M Canadian retail sales (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrivate-label ~18% of sales (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreferential pricing and exclusive SKUs common\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePet Valu's scale offsets supplier power—strong contracts, private-label edge\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier power is moderate: global giants (Nestle Purina, Mars) hold 40–50% premium share (Euromonitor 2024), but Pet Valu’s scale (≈620 stores, CAD 980M Canada sales; CAD 1.2B total 2024) plus 18% private-label share and \u0026gt;95% fill rates let it secure multi-year contracts and volume discounts, though niche organic ingredient suppliers retain leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStores (Canada)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈620\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCanadian retail sales\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAD 980M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTotal retail scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAD 1.2B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrivate-label penetration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈18%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePremium brand share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInventory fill rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored Porter's Five Forces analysis for Pet Valu uncovering competitive intensity, buyer\/supplier leverage, substitution risks, and entry barriers, with strategic insights on threats and opportunities to inform investor materials and internal strategy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-sheet Porter's Five Forces for Pet Valu—quickly pinpoint competitive pressures and opportunity areas to streamline strategic decisions or investor presentations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLow switching costs for pet owners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCanadian pet owners face low switching costs and can move between retailers or online platforms with little financial or emotional friction, and ecommerce pet spend rose 24% in 2024 to CAD 1.1 billion, making churn a clear risk. The market’s 6,000+ pet retail outlets and growing DTC brands force Pet Valu to prove value constantly through pricing, loyalty and service. This buyer mobility boosts bargaining power, pushing for competitive prices and faster fulfilment. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvailability of digital price comparison tools\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy late 2025, AI price-comparison apps let shoppers find the cheapest pet food in seconds, and 62% of Canadian pet owners report using them monthly (Ipsos, 2024–25). This transparency pushes Pet Valu to match local independents and Amazon\/Walmart prices, squeezing gross margins by ~1–2 percentage points on promoted SKUs. Pet Valu must therefore shift to exclusive services, private-label bundles, and loyalty perks to keep price-sensitive buyers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInfluence of comprehensive loyalty programs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Your Rewards program reduces customer bargaining power by tying repeat purchases to benefits—Pet Valu reported 3.2 million members by Dec 31, 2024, driving 18% higher spend per member in 2024 versus non-members. By offering free bags of food and grooming discounts, the program creates a proprietary ecosystem that raises switching costs. Data-driven personalization—using purchase histories across 620 stores—cuts promotional waste and lowers churn; members accounted for 56% of sales in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDemand for specialized and personalized services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModern pet owners treat pets as family, driving demand for high-touch services like grooming and self-wash; Pet Valu reported 2024 U.S.\/Canada same-store sales growth of ~6% driven partly by services and consumables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese in-store services create local lock-in that e-commerce can’t match, lowering price-driven switching; 62% of pet owners in 2023 said convenience and full-service care matter more than lowest price.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-touch services = local lock-in\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e62% prefer convenience\/full care (2023)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePet Valu SSS growth ~6% (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEconomic sensitivity and discretionary spending trends\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePet food shows resilience—US pet food sales rose 3.1% to $47.7B in 2024—yet discretionary items (toys, premium treats) shrink first during downturns, giving buyers leverage to trade down or delay purchases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn volatile periods Pet Valu widens price tiers and private-label SKUs; this captured budget shoppers and helped maintain comparable-store sales, which fell only 1.2% in 2023 versus peers down 3%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecession-resilient core: $47.7B US market (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscretionary exposed: toys\/treats cut first\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuyer power: trade-downs, delayed purchases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePet Valu response: multi-tier pricing, private label\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePet Valu offsets buyer power with 3.2M rewards, services boost SSS ~6% as ecommerce soars\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrong buyer power: low switching costs, 62% prefer convenience over price (2023), ecommerce pet spend rose 24% to CAD 1.1B in 2024, and Pet Valu’s Your Rewards (3.2M members, 56% sales, 18% higher spend) offsets pressure; services drive ~6% SSS growth (2024) while promoted SKUs cut gross margin ~1–2ppt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEcommerce spend (Canada, 2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAD 1.1B (+24%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYour Rewards members (Dec 31, 2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.2M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembers share of sales (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e56%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSSS growth (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~6%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS pet food sales (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUSD 47.7B (+3.1%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePet Valu Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Pet Valu Porter's Five Forces Analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no surprises, no placeholders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document displayed here is the part of the full version you’ll get—fully formatted and ready for download and use the moment you buy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo mockups, no samples: the file you see is the same professionally written analysis you'll be able to access instantly after payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56746862870905,"sku":"petvalu-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/petvalu-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772192579","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/petvalu-five-forces-analysis","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}