{"product_id":"ohb-five-forces-analysis","title":"OHB Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGo Beyond the Preview—Access the Full Strategic Report\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOHB faces moderate competitive intensity driven by specialized aerospace contracts, concentrated suppliers, and high entry barriers—yet growing commercial space activity and evolving tech create notable threats and opportunities. This brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore OHB’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Aerospace Components\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialized aerospace components for satellites come from a few certified vendors worldwide, giving suppliers strong bargaining power; in 2024 the top 10 space-grade component suppliers accounted for roughly 70% of commercial parts capacity, raising OHB’s sourcing risk. These parts must meet costly ECSS and NASA-equivalent certifications, with single-unit costs often 5–20x comparable terrestrial parts, so OHB relies on niche manufacturers to ensure orbital reliability and performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaunch Service Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOHB depends on a small set of launch providers—Arianespace and increasingly SpaceX—to place satellites into orbit; industry data shows ~70% of EU institutional launches planned on Ariane-family vehicles through 2025, making Ariane 6 availability a critical dependency. Delays in Ariane 6 (slippages through 2024–25) or SpaceX pricing changes (Falcon 9 manifest demand up ~30% in 2024) directly push OHB timelines and can raise project costs by an estimated 5–12% per mission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHighly Skilled Technical Labor\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aerospace sector faces a global shortfall of about 30% in specialized space engineers, and OHB (Germany) competes with SpaceX, Blue Origin and ~300 startups for this scarce human capital; suppliers of talent push wages up—engineer pay in EU space firms rose ~12% in 2023–2024—raising OHB’s R\u0026amp;D labor costs and tightening margins as skilled hires demand flexible contracts and equity-like incentives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrategic Raw Materials\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers of specialized alloys, radiation-hardened electronics, and rare earth materials hold strong leverage over OHB because these inputs are scarce and concentrated: China supplied ~60% of global rare earth output in 2024 and only a handful of firms qualify for space-grade radiation-hardened semiconductors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal supply-chain volatility drove rare-earth oxide prices up ~45% in 2023–24 and caused multi-month lead-time spikes for space-grade components, raising procurement costs and creating production bottlenecks for mission hardware.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOHB must lock multi-year contracts, use dual sourcing, and carry strategic inventory to manage long lead times and price swings; a 6–12 month buffer on critical parts is common in the sector to protect launch schedules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChina ~60% rare-earth output (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRare-earth oxide prices +45% (2023–24)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace-grade semiconductor lead times 6–12 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitigation: multi-year contracts, dual sourcing, 6–12 month inventory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNiche Software and System Integration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers of niche satellite software and cybersecurity hold strong leverage over OHB because their proprietary systems are tightly embedded in avionics, comms, and payload processing; industry reports show software accounts for ~20–30% of satellite lifecycle costs and breaches cost an average €3.6M per incident in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh switching costs and multi-year integration mean OHB faces limited supplier alternatives; replacing a flight‑critical framework mid‑mission can exceed 5–10% of program budget and delay launch schedules by 6–18 months.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoftware = 20–30% of lifecycle costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAverage cyber loss €3.6M (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitch cost ~5–10% program budget\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplacement delay 6–18 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupply squeeze: 70% vendor concentration, rare-earth risks \u0026amp; 6–12m chip lead times\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers hold high bargaining power: top 10 space-grade vendors ~70% capacity (2024); China ~60% rare-earth output; rare-earth oxide prices +45% (2023–24); space-grade semiconductors lead times 6–12 months; software = 20–30% lifecycle cost; cyber loss €3.6M avg (2024). OHB mitigation: multi-year contracts, dual sourcing, 6–12 month inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop suppliers share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChina rare-earth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrice change\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSemiconductor lead time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6–12 mo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncovers key drivers of competition, customer influence, and market entry risks tailored to OHB, with detailed force-by-force analysis highlighting suppliers, buyers, substitutes, new entrants, and intra-industry rivalry, plus strategic implications and editable Word-ready formatting for investor decks and strategy work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompact five-forces snapshot tailored to OHB—quickly spot competitive pressures and strategic levers for faster, data-driven decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInstitutional Anchor Customers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe European Space Agency and national governments account for roughly 60–70% of OHB SE’s revenue, giving them huge bargaining power over specs, mission goals, and pricing via competitive tenders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey set technical standards and contract terms that force OHB to absorb R\u0026amp;D and compliance costs, squeezing margins—OHB reported 2024 revenues of €1.05bn, so shifts in one major contract can move unit economics materially.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs primary funders of large European programs, their procurement choices directly affect the long-term viability of OHB business units and capacity utilization, raising strategic dependency risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRigorous Public Procurement Processes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstitutional buyers in European space procurement use complex, transparent frameworks—EU public procurement spending was about €600bn in 2023—pushing suppliers like OHB toward low-cost bids and tighter margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOHB must meet geographic return rules and EU industrial policy (eg. 40–50% in-country content targets in some programs), constraining sourcing and raising production costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese regulated processes limit OHB’s ability to negotiate bespoke commercial terms, reducing pricing leverage and compressing net margins versus commercial satellites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIncreasing Commercial Market Choice\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rise of private satellite firms and commercial Earth observation companies has expanded buyer choice by late 2025, with over 1,200 smallsats launched by commercial players since 2018 and commercial revenue for EO services projected at $6.2bn in 2025 (Euroconsult). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese customers push for 30–60% faster delivery cycles and price reductions versus gov't programs; their higher price sensitivity and low switching costs raise buyer leverage in OHB contract talks. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePolitical Influence on Project Funding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cpbudgetary decisions by eu member states drive ohb order book: public-sector contracts accounted for about of se revenue so shifts in national budgets directly cut available work.\u003e\n\u003cpcustomers here react strongly to political and economic cycles european defense space spending rose in but varies by country making demand volatile.\u003e\n\u003cpohb must prove strategic value to keep political backing multi-year programs like esa contracts or national defense deals stabilizes cash flow and margins.\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e65% public revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e€1.1bn OHB 2024 revenue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEuropean space\/defense spending +8% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulti-year contracts reduce volatility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/pohb\u003e\u003c\/pcustomers\u003e\u003c\/pbudgetary\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDemand for Integrated Turnkey Solutions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustomers now prefer integrated turnkey providers handling satellite design through ground ops, pushing OHB to bundle engineering, launch, and 5+ year ops contracts to win bids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat shift raises buyer bargaining: procurement teams demand lower total lifecycle costs and service SLAs, so OHB must price competitively—typical turnkey deals reached €150–300m in 2024 for medium Earth observation systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuyers also press for long-term support and data services as part of initial contracts, increasing contract lengths and margin pressure on OHB.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated offerings required to compete\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 turnkey deal range €150–300m\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemand for 5+ year ops and SLAs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigher margin pressure on OHB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOHB SE: 65% public revenue boosts price leverage but compresses margins, raises volatility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustomers (ESA, national governments) supply ~65% of OHB SE 2024 revenue (€1.1bn), wielding strong price\/spec leverage via tenders and in-country content rules, which forces OHB to absorb R\u0026amp;D\/compliance costs and compress margins; rising commercial smallsat buyers add price-sensitive options, faster delivery demands, and lower switching costs, increasing buyer bargaining and revenue volatility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue (2024)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePublic revenue share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e65%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTotal revenue\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€1.1bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTurnkey deal range\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€150–300m\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEU procurement spend (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€600bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eWhat You See Is What You Get\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOHB Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact OHB Porter's Five Forces Analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no placeholders or samples. The document displayed here is the fully formatted, ready-to-use analysis of competitive rivalry, buyer and supplier power, substitutes, and barriers to entry. Once you buy, you’ll get instant access to this same professional file for download and use. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56746870833529,"sku":"ohb-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/ohb-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772192673","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/ohb-five-forces-analysis","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}