{"product_id":"maximus-five-forces-analysis","title":"MAXIMUS Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eElevate Your Analysis with the Complete Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMAXIMUS operates in a complex public-sector services market where buyer concentration, regulatory barriers, and incumbent relationships shape competitive intensity; this snapshot highlights supplier leverage, substitute risks from insourcing\/tech, and entry challenges. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to access force-by-force ratings, visuals, and strategic implications tailored to MAXIMUS for investment or strategic planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Labor Market Dynamics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximus relies on skilled clinical and case-management staff as its primary input; by late 2025 a reported 15% shortage in US registered nurses and a 20% gap in health IT roles raised supplier leverage, driving wage inflation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat scarcity forces Maximus into competitive pay and benefits—average RN total compensation rose ~12% in 2024—crucial to meet performance metrics in fixed-price government contracts. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnology and Cloud Infrastructure Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximus depends on third-party cloud, cybersecurity, and SaaS vendors; in 2024 AWS and Microsoft together held ~65% of global cloud market, raising switching costs and giving suppliers strong leverage over government-compliant integrations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh integration and FedRAMP\/ITAR compliance mean migration can cost millions and months, so price hikes by these providers flow directly into Maximus’s service margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, a 10% cloud price increase would raise hosting costs by an estimated 2–4% of revenue for cloud-reliant government contractors like Maximus, squeezing operating margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReal Estate and Facility Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOperating large-scale contact centers ties MAXIMUS to costly real estate and facility management; U.S. commercial vacancy for Class A secure space averaged 8.2% in 2024, keeping rents elevated and capex high.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRemote work cut some demand, but 62% of federal contracts still require on-site, FISMA\/NIST-compliant facilities, so localized suppliers retain leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialized landlords can demand premium rates and strict lease terms; a 2024 CBRE report showed 12–18% higher rents for certified secure buildings in D.C. and Atlanta markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Subcontractors and Small Business Partners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialized subcontractors and small, disadvantaged, or minority-owned businesses often hold outsized leverage because many federal and state contracts require their inclusion; Maximus reported 18% of subcontractor spend in FY2024 tied to socio‑economic set‑asides, creating a procurement dependency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis requirement means these partners can press for better pricing, payment terms, or scope within the prime contract to secure capacity, and if replacement delays exceed 90 days, bid competitiveness suffers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e18% FY2024 subcontractor spend tied to set‑asides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMandatory inclusion raises supplier leverage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplace delays \u0026gt;90 days harm bid win rates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Analytics and Proprietary Software Vendors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximus increasingly relies on AI analytics and niche eligibility software vendors, giving those suppliers leverage to raise licensing fees; Gartner reported 2024 enterprise AI tool spend growth of 28%, pushing vendor pricing power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeep integration into Maximus’s workflows makes replacement costly—IDC estimated average migration for mission-critical SaaS at 9–14 months and $1–3M in direct costs—so vendors can demand premium terms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh dependency: niche AI\/eligibility vendors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrice pressure: 28% enterprise AI spend growth (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitching cost: 9–14 months, $1–3M (IDC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupplier leverage tightens: labor gaps, cloud duopoly \u0026amp; costly SaaS migrations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers hold moderate-to-strong leverage: labor shortages (15% RN gap, 20% health‑IT gap by late 2025) forced ~12% RN pay growth in 2024; cloud duopoly (AWS+Microsoft ~65% share in 2024) and FedRAMP needs raise switching costs; set‑aside subcontracting = 18% of FY2024 spend increases procurement dependence; typical SaaS migration costs $1–3M and 9–14 months, squeezing margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRN shortage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15% (late 2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHealth‑IT gap\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20% (late 2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRN pay growth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~12% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCloud share (AWS+MS)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~65% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSet‑aside subcontract spend\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18% (FY2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSaaS migration cost\/time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$1–3M, 9–14 months\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored exclusively for MAXIMUS, this Porter's Five Forces overview uncovers competitive drivers, buyer and supplier power, entry barriers and substitute threats, highlighting strategic levers to protect market share and margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClear, one-sheet Porter's Five Forces summary for MAXIMUS—instantly shows competitive pressures and relief levers, ready to drop into decks or strategy sessions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentration of Government Buyers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe customer base is highly concentrated among federal and state agencies—notably the Centers for Medicare \u0026amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) and multiple state health departments—which gives buyers oligopsony power over MAXIMUS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese agencies set strict contract terms and price caps; MAXIMUS reported 2024 government revenue of roughly $3.2 billion, forcing acceptance of tighter margins to win large, multi-year deals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRigorous Competitive Bidding Processes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment procurement uses open competition and transparent bidding to maximize value; in US federal contracting, 2024 saw $708B awarded via competitive procedures, letting buyers pit firms against each other to cut prices or raise service specs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormal RFPs and evaluation criteria give the buyer leverage: 78% of federal agencies report using best-value tradeoffs, so agencies hold the upper hand through proposal scoring, compliance gates, and award terms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh Political and Public Accountability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment buyers demand tight fiscal accountability, pushing Maximus to meet strict SLAs and performance metrics tied to payments; in 2024 US federal agencies fined contractors or withheld up to 5–10% of contract value for noncompliance, sharpening buyer leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLow Switching Costs at Contract Expiration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile mid-contract switches are operationally hard, contract expirations create regular windows for agencies to move work; federal re-competes for managed services occur every 3–7 years on average, raising churn risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment standard transition protocols (e.g., DATA Act, agency SOW templates) ease data and operations transfer, so Maximus must re-prove value at each renewal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRe-compete cycle: 3–7 years\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransition playbooks standardize migrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodic renewals force continuous value demonstration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBudgetary Constraints and Legislative Shifts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe purchasing power of government agencies ties directly to legislative appropriations and tax receipts; in FY2024 US federal discretionary spending was $1.83 trillion, constraining program budgets when priorities shift.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen state or federal budgets tighten, agencies often push for contract renegotiations or scope cuts to meet fiscal limits—Maximus faces forced price reductions or paused projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLegal restrictions on budgets leave Maximus little recourse: courts and procurement rules usually bar vendors from enforcing full funding if legislation reduces appropriations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFY2024 US discretionary spend: $1.83T\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState budget shortfalls rose in 2023: ~$200B gap combined\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResult: higher renegotiation and program risk for Maximus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGovernment oligopsony squeezes MAXIMUS: $3.2B revenue, tight contracts \u0026amp; re-compete risk\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuyers (federal\/state agencies) hold oligopsony power over MAXIMUS, driving strict contract terms, price caps, and tight SLAs; 2024 govt revenue ≈ $3.2B. Competitive procurements dominated ($708B federal competitive awards in 2024) and re-competes occur every 3–7 years, raising churn risk. FY2024 discretionary spend $1.83T; budget cuts force renegotiations and withheld payments (5–10% typical enforcement).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMAXIMUS 2024 govt rev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$3.2B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFederal competitive awards 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$708B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRe-compete cycle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3–7 yrs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFY2024 discretionary spend\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$1.83T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eFull Version Awaits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMAXIMUS Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact MAXIMUS Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no placeholders or samples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document you see is the full, professionally formatted deliverable, ready to download and use the moment you buy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo mockups, no edits required; what’s displayed is precisely the file available to you after payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747440931193,"sku":"maximus-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/maximus-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772198513","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/maximus-five-forces-analysis","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}