{"product_id":"linde-business-model-canvas","title":"Linde Business Model Canvas","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLinde Business Model Canvas: Strategic Blueprint \u0026amp; Ready-to-Use Investor Tools\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlock the full strategic blueprint behind Linde's business model—this in-depth Business Model Canvas reveals how the company creates value, captures market share, and sustains competitive advantage; perfect for investors, consultants, and entrepreneurs seeking actionable, ready-to-use insights in Word and Excel formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eartnerships\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrategic Clean Hydrogen Alliances\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde partners with tech firms and energy companies—notably the ITM Linde Electrolysis JV—to scale green hydrogen, targeting \u0026gt;1 GW electrolyzer capacity and ~150 kt H2\/year production by late 2025. These alliances share capital and technical risk (project caps often \u0026gt;$500m) and secure long‑term renewable power contracts, typically 10–15 years, to guarantee low‑carbon electricity for electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLong-term Industrial Customer Alliances\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde signs decades-long on-site supply agreements with major chemical, refining and steel firms, often building and operating gas plants on customer sites; as of 2024 Linde’s On‑Site segment generated roughly $7.8bn revenue, underpinning sticky demand. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnology and Research Collaborations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde partners with global universities and institutes to advance carbon capture and gas separation; joint projects funded partly by Linde’s R\u0026amp;D budget (~$350m in 2024) accelerated pilot tech reaching 0.8–1.2 MtCO2\/year capture capacity in trials by 2025.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGovernment and Regulatory Bodies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde partners with national governments and agencies to access environmental subsidies and carbon-credit schemes, securing funding for projects like the Clean Hydrogen Coastline, which received a €400m grant commitment in 2024 toward a €2.1bn buildout.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese partnerships keep Linde’s infrastructure aligned with evolving climate rules such as the EU’s ETS revision (2024) and the US IRA tax credits, reducing regulatory risk and improving project IRR.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e€400m grant (2024) for Clean Hydrogen Coastline\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProject capex target €2.1bn\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAligns with EU ETS 2024 revision\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccesses US IRA tax credits where applicable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupply Chain and Logistics Partners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde contracts specialized logistics firms for cryogenic liquids and high-pressure cylinders, giving fleet flexibility to absorb demand swings across 100+ countries and avoid higher fixed transport costs; in 2024 Linde reported ~€30B revenue, so variable logistics saves significant capex and preserves margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReliable partners ensure timely delivery of medical oxygen and high‑purity gases—critical during crises (COVID-19 peaks saw global oxygen demand spike ~300% in hotspots) and for on‑time industrial supply chains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFleet flexibility reduces fixed transport spend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports distribution in 100+ countries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical for medical oxygen during demand spikes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtects margins on ~€30B 2024 revenue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLinde scales \u0026gt;1GW green H2, €400m grant and €7.8bn On‑Site wins de‑risk €2.1bn projects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde’s partnerships—tech JVs (ITM Linde Electrolysis), long‑term on‑site supply deals, gov grants (€400m for Clean Hydrogen Coastline), logistics firms, and research consortia—de-risk big projects (\u0026gt;€2.1bn capex), target \u0026gt;1 GW electrolyzer \/ ~150 kt H2 by late 2025, support ~€7.8bn On‑Site revenue and protect margins on ~€30bn 2024 sales.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eItem\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectrolyzer target\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;1 GW (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH2 output\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~150 kt\/yr (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClean Hydrogen grant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€400m (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProject capex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€2.1bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOn‑Site revenue\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~€7.8bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTotal revenue\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~€30bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive Business Model Canvas for Linde outlining its nine BMC blocks—customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure—reflecting real-world industrial gas operations, competitive advantages, SWOT-linked insights, and polished narratives ideal for investor presentations and strategic decision-making.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcise one-page Business Model Canvas for Linde that condenses core strategy and value drivers into an editable, shareable layout—ideal for quick comparisons, team workshops, or executive briefs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003ectivities\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGas Production and Atmospheric Separation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe core activity splits air into oxygen, nitrogen and argon via cryogenic Air Separation Units (ASUs) using precise control systems to reach \u0026gt;99.999% purity for electronics and medical uses; Linde’s global ASU fleet consumed ~6 TWh in 2024, so in 2025 plant energy-efficiency upgrades (heat recovery, variable-speed drives) target 10–15% power reduction to offset rising electricity costs and protect ~€2.1bn segment margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCustom Engineering and Plant Design\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde Engineering designs and builds large-scale industrial plants for third parties and internal use, covering feasibility, conceptual design, procurement, and construction; in 2024 Linde reported engineering order intake of about $6.1bn, driven by hydrogen and CCUS projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch and Development for Decarbonization\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde invests roughly $400m annually in R\u0026amp;D for decarbonization, prioritizing proprietary CCUS and hydrogen liquefaction to help customers hit net-zero and grow its sustainable-technology revenue stream (aiming for $2bn by 2030). The 2025 roadmap targets \u0026gt;15% gains in electrolysis efficiency and pilot-scale membrane solutions reducing capture costs by ~20% versus 2022 baselines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupply Chain and Distribution Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde runs a complex multi-modal network—pipelines, tankers, cylinders—handling ~€30bn annual gas sales (2024 pro forma) and serving 100+ countries; daily ops focus on route planning, pipeline pressure control, and cylinder logistics to keep uptime above 99%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde uses digital tools (real-time telemetry, route optimization, inventory-as-a-service) to cut delivery miles ~10–15% in pilot programs and lower transport CO2 per tonne-km.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e99%+ supply uptime\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~€30bn 2024 pro forma sales\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10–15% delivery-mile reduction in pilots\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ereal-time inventory telemetry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emulti-modal: pipelines, tankers, cylinders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Maintenance and Digital Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProviding ongoing maintenance and technical support for Linde's installed equipment keeps uptime for critical industrial processes and reduced unplanned downtime; Linde reported service revenue of €3.8bn in 2024, with aftermarket margins above 25%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinde increasingly uses predictive maintenance and remote monitoring via its digital platforms (smart sensors, cloud analytics) to spot failures early, boosting customer loyalty and creating steady, high-margin recurring revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e€3.8bn service revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAftermarket margins \u0026gt;25%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePredictive monitoring reduces downtime by up to 30% (typical case)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemote diagnostics cut onsite visits, lowering service cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh‑purity gases, €30bn sales scale, €3.8bn services + hydrogen\/CCUS push\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCore activities: cryogenic ASUs producing \u0026gt;99.999% gases (ASU fleet ~6 TWh 2024; 2025 efficiency target −10–15%), engineering order intake ~$6.1bn (2024), R\u0026amp;D ~€400m\/yr targeting hydrogen\/CCUS (aim $2bn revenue by 2030), logistics multi‑modal supporting ~€30bn sales (2024), service revenue €3.8bn (2024) with \u0026gt;25% margins and predictive maintenance cutting downtime ~30%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\/Target\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eASU energy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~6 TWh (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEfficiency target\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−10–15% (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEngineering intake\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$6.1bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D spend\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~€400m\/yr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eService revenue\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€3.8bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSales (pro forma)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~€30bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003ePreview Before You Purchase\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Business Model Canvas\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document you're previewing is the actual Linde Business Model Canvas—not a mockup or sample—and reflects the full content and structure of the file you will receive after purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen you complete your order, you will get this exact document in editable formats, ready for presentation, analysis, or customization without missing sections or altered layouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe provide full transparency: what you see here is the deliverable you'll download and use immediately—no surprises, just the complete, professional canvas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56749629473145,"sku":"linde-business-model-canvas","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/linde-business-model-canvas.png?v=1772216160","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/linde-business-model-canvas","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}