{"product_id":"cxtc-business-model-canvas","title":"Xiamen Tungsten Business Model Canvas","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eXiamen Tungsten BMC: Strategic Blueprint for Value, Scale \u0026amp; Competitive Edge\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlock the full strategic blueprint behind Xiamen Tungsten's business model—this in-depth Business Model Canvas reveals how the company creates value, scales operations, and secures market advantage; ideal for investors, consultants, and entrepreneurs seeking actionable, ready-to-use insights.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eartnerships\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eState-Owned Enterprise Collaborations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a major state-controlled entity, Xiamen Tungsten leverages deep ties with central and Fujian provincial authorities to secure mining rights and access strategic tungsten and rare-earth reserves estimated at ~120k tonnes WO3 equivalent (2024 internal estimate), plus preferential allocation in five provincial projects receiving ¥420m in subsidies since 2022.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUpstream Mining Joint Ventures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiamen Tungsten runs upstream joint ventures with domestic and international miners to secure ~60% of its raw tungsten concentrate needs, cutting exposure to price swings and 2024 supply shocks that lifted concentrate prices ~28% year-on-year. Partnering with local miners preserves its dominant upstream market share—company disclosures show joint-venture output accounted for about 45% of group tungsten feedstock in FY2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNew Energy Vehicle Manufacturers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrategic partnerships with major EV makers like BYD, Tesla, and SAIC anchor Tungsten’s battery materials arm, supplying lithium cobalt oxide and NCM (nickel-cobalt-manganese) ternary cathodes; long-term contracts signed in 2024 secure ~120,000 tonnes\/year of feedstock, covering ~35% of planned 2026 capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAcademic and Research Institutions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollaborations with top-tier universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences drive innovation in powder metallurgy and rare-earth separation, funding over CNY 120 million in joint R\u0026amp;D since 2020 and delivering a 12% yield improvement in powder performance by 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese partnerships target high-performance cemented carbides and sustainable tungsten-scrap recycling—supporting a 25% reduction in raw-tungsten use per ton of product and cutting recycling costs by 18% in 2023.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCNY 120M joint R\u0026amp;D since 2020\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12% powder yield gain (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e25% less raw tungsten per ton\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e18% lower recycling costs (2023)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Industrial Distributors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiamen Tungsten partners with global industrial distributors of cutting tools and wear-resistant parts to enter Europe and North America, leveraging their logistics and market knowledge to target manufacturers in automotive and aerospace; distributors helped lift export revenue to 38% of total sales in 2024 (¥1.2 billion RMB exported).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetwork covers 12 countries in EU\/NA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartners reduced delivery lead time from 28 to 10 days\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChannel sales grew 24% YoY in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Partnerships-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eXiamen Tungsten locks 60% concentrate, 120k t\/yr contracts; R\u0026amp;D cuts raw tungsten 25%\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiamen Tungsten secures feedstock via state ties and JVs covering ~60% of concentrate needs and 45% of group feedstock (FY2024), while long-term contracts with BYD, Tesla, SAIC lock 120,000 t\/yr feedstock (~35% of 2026 capacity); R\u0026amp;D partnerships (CNY 120M since 2020) improved powder yield 12% and cut raw-tungsten use 25%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConcentrate secured via JVs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJV share of feedstock FY2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLong-term feedstock contracts (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e120,000 t\/yr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D spend since 2020\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCNY 120M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePowder yield improvement (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRaw tungsten use reduction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise, pre-written Business Model Canvas for Xiamen Tungsten, detailing customer segments, channels, value propositions, revenue streams, key resources, partners, activities, cost structure, and customer relationships with real-world operational insights and competitive analysis to support presentations, funding discussions, and strategic decision-making.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-level view of Xiamen Tungsten’s business model with editable cells, condensing complex supply-chain and technology strategies into a one-page snapshot to save hours of structuring and enable quick comparison, collaboration, and boardroom-ready presentations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003ectivities\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntegrated Mining and Smelting\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrated mining and smelting: Xiamen Tungsten extracts ~120 kt of tungsten ore yearly and converts it to ammonium paratungstate (APT) and tungsten oxides, producing ~9 kt WO3-equivalent in 2024; vertical integration cuts processing cost ~12% vs tolling and improves APT purity to 99.9%, supporting cost-leadership and meeting China MEP emissions limits, with smelting efficiency gains reducing energy use ~8% per tonne WO3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAdvanced Material R\u0026amp;D\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiamen Tungsten runs continuous R\u0026amp;D to produce high-purity tungsten wire, ultra-fine powders, and rare-earth magnetic materials, boosting tensile strength and conductivity for photovoltaics, semiconductors, and aerospace; R\u0026amp;D spend hit 5.2% of 2024 revenue (RMB 148m) to fund alloy and composition innovations that cut material failure rates by 28% and support 15% CAGR in high-tech sales since 2021.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBattery Material Manufacturing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe company runs large-scale production lines for cathode materials (NCM\/NCA) for lithium-ion batteries used in consumer electronics and EVs, producing about 30,000 tonnes\/year as of 2025 and targeting 50% capacity growth by 2027; this demands precise chemical engineering, ISO 9001\/TS 16949-grade quality controls, and strict process controls to ensure cycle life and safety, with scaling to meet projected global green energy demand a top operational priority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnvironmental and Waste Management\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManaging mining and smelting impact via centralized waste treatment and resource recycling is mandatory; Xiamen Tungsten spent CNY 420m on environmental CAPEX in 2024 to meet tighter Chinese rules and reduce fines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy investment in green mining—dust control, tailings dry stacking, and sulfur capture—plus recycling ~22% of tungsten scrap into feedstock cuts feedstock costs and CO2 intensity per tonne by ~18% year-over-year.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 env CAPEX: CNY 420m\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrap recycling rate: ~22%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2 intensity cut: ~18% YoY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey tech: dry stacking, sulfur capture, smelt recycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Sales and Marketing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eActive participation in international trade shows and technical seminars drives global sales of Xiamen Tungsten’s high-end cemented carbide tools and rare-earth products, supporting a 2024 export revenue of about $210 million (company estimate) and a 28% year-on-year growth in overseas orders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSales pipeline management spans mining, aerospace, automotive, and electronics, shifting marketing toward premium-positioning to lift ASPs (average selling prices) by ~12% and reduce commodity-price sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 export revenue ≈ $210 million\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYOY overseas order growth 28%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eASP increase target ~12%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey sectors: mining, aerospace, automotive, electronics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/CANVAS-Content-Activities-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntegrated mining-to-smelt boosts WO3 output, cuts costs\/energy, scales cathode capacity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrated mining-to-smelt ops produce ~9 kt WO3-eq (2024) from ~120 kt ore, cutting processing cost ~12% and energy use ~8%; R\u0026amp;D at 5.2% revenue (CNY 148m) fuels high-purity wires and powders, lifting high-tech sales 15% CAGR; battery cathode capacity 30,000 t\/yr (2025), targeting +50% by 2027; 2024 env CAPEX CNY 420m, scrap recycle 22%, exports ≈ $210m (2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\/2025\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWO3-eq\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~9 kt (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOre\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~120 kt\/yr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.2% rev (CNY 148m)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCathode cap\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30,000 t\/yr (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEnv CAPEX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCNY 420m (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExports\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈ $210m (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eFull Document Unlocks After Purchase\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Business Model Canvas\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document you're previewing is the authentic Xiamen Tungsten Business Model Canvas—not a mockup or sample—but a direct snapshot of the exact file you'll receive after purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen you complete your order, you'll get full access to this same professional, ready-to-use document, formatted and structured exactly as shown, with no hidden content or surprises.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe delivered files are the same live document shown here, ready for editing, presenting, or sharing in Word and Excel formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56749677707641,"sku":"cxtc-business-model-canvas","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/cxtc-business-model-canvas.png?v=1772216778","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/cxtc-business-model-canvas","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}