{"product_id":"capgemini-five-forces-analysis","title":"Capgemini Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eElevate Your Analysis with the Complete Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini faces intense competitive rivalry, moderate supplier influence, evolving buyer expectations, manageable threat of substitutes, and barriers that temper new entrants—this snapshot highlights key pressure points shaping strategic choices and profitability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eScarcity of Specialized Technical Talent\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary suppliers for Capgemini are skilled professionals providing the intellectual capital for service delivery, and by late 2025 demand for Generative AI, cloud architecture, and cybersecurity experts outstrips supply, raising supplier leverage. Global shortage estimates show a 35% gap in AI\/cloud talent versus demand in 2025, pushing Capgemini to spend ~€1.2bn on hiring and training in FY2024–25. This scarcity forces heavier investment in acquisition, retention, and premium pay to secure project delivery and margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDependence on Hyperscale Cloud Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini depends heavily on hyperscalers—Microsoft Azure, AWS, and Google Cloud—which supply the infrastructure for its digital transformation services; these three accounted for roughly 40–50% of partner-driven cloud revenues across major consultancies in 2024. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause hyperscalers control core platform pricing, API terms, and feature roadmaps, any price hike or contract change can cut Capgemini’s service margins quickly; a 5–10% uplift in cloud prices could shave several percentage points off project EBIT. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInfluence of Enterprise Software Vendors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrategic alliances with SAP, Salesforce, and Oracle drive roughly 40% of Capgemini’s application integration revenue; these vendors set product roadmaps and licensing fees that narrow scope and margin for integrators. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLicensing cost hikes and roadmap shifts can reprice projects—SAP and Oracle licensing increases averaged 6–8% annually through 2024—giving suppliers clear leverage over service pricing. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile partnerships boost deal flow (Capgemini reported €6.1bn in cloud \u0026amp; software services FY2024), the oligopoly of key ecosystems concentrates bargaining power with vendors. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeopolitical Impact on Offshore Labor Markets\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini relies heavily on offshore talent in India and Eastern Europe; in FY2024 ~54% of global delivery staff were in these regions, so local wage inflation (India real wages rose ~6.5% in 2024) or restrictive labor laws can raise costs and slow delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeopolitical shocks—visa curbs, Russia-Ukraine spillovers, or regional unrest—can cut labor supply rapidly, forcing onshore hires at 20–40% higher rates and compressing margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~54% delivery staff in India\/Eastern Europe (FY2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndia real wages +6.5% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnshore rates 20–40% higher\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh geographic concentration → supply-side risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRising Costs of Proprietary AI Tools and Data\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Capgemini integrates more AI, rising fees for proprietary datasets and foundation models (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google) raise supplier power—enterprise API costs rose ~40% for large-context models in 2024, pushing vendor spend to an estimated €150–200m for top consultancies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini must weigh these external costs against client value, negotiating volume discounts, building proprietary fine-tuned models, or using open models to protect margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 vendor API cost growth ~40%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEstimated €150–200m industry spend on models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrategies: negotiate, build, or switch to open models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRising supplier power: 35% AI talent gap, €1.2bn spend and 40%+ vendor fee surge\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers—skilled talent, hyperscalers (Azure\/AWS\/Google), ISV partners (SAP\/Salesforce\/Oracle), and foundation-model providers—hold moderate-to-high bargaining power, driven by a 35% AI\/cloud talent gap in 2025 and concentrated platform\/AI fees; Capgemini spent ~€1.2bn on talent FY2024–25 and faces vendor-driven cloud\/software cost inflation (API\/model fees +40% in 2024) that can cut project EBIT by several percentage points.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAI\/cloud talent gap 2025\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCapgemini talent spend FY2024–25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€1.2bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVendor API\/model fee growth 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+40%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCloud partner revenue share (industry)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery staff offshore (FY2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e54%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored exclusively for Capgemini, this Porter's Five Forces analysis uncovers competitive drivers, buyer and supplier power, barriers to entry, substitute threats, and strategic implications for market positioning and profitability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondensed Porter's Five Forces for Capgemini—one-sheet clarity to spot competitive threats and opportunities fast, ideal for rapid boardroom decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh Concentration of Large Enterprise Clients\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini serves large global corporations whose high-volume contracts give them strong negotiation leverage; in 2024 the top 10 clients represented about 18% of group revenue, so losing one major account can dent regional sales materially.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese enterprises use professional procurement teams to push prices and demand tight SLAs, contributing to margin pressure—Capgemini reported a 14.2% operating margin in 2024, sensitive to contract concessions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, Capgemini often concedes on pricing or scope to retain key clients, raising client concentration risk and bargaining power of customers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvailability of Alternative Multi-Vendor Strategies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModern enterprises increasingly adopt multi-vendor strategies to avoid lock-in and spur competition; 58% of Global 2000 firms used multi-sourcing in 2024, per Everest Group. This lets clients switch project components between Capgemini and rivals based on performance and price, cutting single-vendor leverage. Unbundling services—outsourcing modules like cloud migration or application maintenance—reduces Capgemini’s bargaining power and compresses margins on commoditized work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIncreased Maturity of Client IT Departments\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany clients have boosted in-house IT: 58% of Global 2000 firms reported expanding internal cloud and app development teams between 2019–2024, reducing reliance on basic outsourcing. This makes buyers more discerning and shifts demand away from maintenance toward niche services. Capgemini must therefore sell higher-margin strategic offerings—consulting, AI integration, and industry platforms—to justify fees and defend a 2024 operating margin near 10%. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLow Switching Costs for Standardized Digital Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow switching costs for routine IT and standard software have fallen as 70% of enterprises used cloud-standards and common platforms in 2024, making migrations easier and cheaper.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandardized cloud migration playbooks and SaaS APIs cut project time by ~30%, so clients can move vendors with minimal disruption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCapgemini counters by deepening industry-specific integrations and IP to raise exit costs and protect margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e70% enterprises on common cloud platforms (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigrations ~30% faster with standard playbooks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocus: industry IP, data models, managed services\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDemand for Outcome-Based Pricing Models\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClients increasingly demand outcome-based pricing, moving away from time-and-materials; by 2024, 32% of global professional services contracts included outcome-linked fees, up from 19% in 2020 (Gartner).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis shift pushes more risk onto Capgemini and lets buyers set financial terms, prompting clients to use bargaining power to align consultant incentives with KPIs like revenue uplift or cost savings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e32% of deals outcome-linked (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigher vendor risk, lower margin predictability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClients tie fees to KPIs: revenue, cost reduction, uptime\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegotiation focus: shared savings and cap on liability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBuyer power, multi‑sourcing and cloud adoption squeeze Capgemini margins\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge-client concentration (top 10 ≈18% revenue 2024) and professional procurement give buyers strong leverage, forcing Capgemini into pricing and SLA concessions that compress margins (operating margin ~14.2% reported; strategic margin nearer 10%).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti-vendor sourcing (58% Global 2000 multi-sourcing 2024) and common cloud platforms (70% adoption 2024) lower switching costs; outcome-based deals rose to 32% in 2024, shifting risk to vendors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop-10 client share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈18%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating margin (Capgemini)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈14.2%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMulti-sourcing (Global 2000)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e58%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCloud platform adoption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutcome-linked deals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eFull Version Awaits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCapgemini Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Capgemini Porter’s Five Forces analysis you’ll receive—no placeholders, no mockups; fully formatted and ready for download the moment you purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56746834133369,"sku":"capgemini-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/capgemini-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772192311","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/capgemini-five-forces-analysis","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}