{"product_id":"bocomgroup-five-forces-analysis","title":"Bocom International Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGo Beyond the Preview—Access the Full Strategic Report\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBocom International faces moderate rivalry from regional brokers and global banks, while regulatory pressures and tech-driven service differentiation shape competitive dynamics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier power is contained but platform and data costs matter; buyer bargaining rises as institutional clients demand lower fees and integrated services.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore Bocom International’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Human Capital and Talent Retention\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary suppliers—analysts, traders, and advisors—hold strong leverage due to scarce specialized skills; Greater China churn rates for senior bankers rose to about 18% in 2025, boosting salary bands by roughly 12% year-on-year. BOCOM International must match market-leading pay and carry structures—top hires commanded total comp of HKD 5–8m in 2025—to avoid poaching by global banks and fast-growing fintechs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReliance on Market Data and Technology Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cpfinancial institutions like bocom international rely on a few global data vendors refinitiv and niche ai analytics firms together control over of institutional market-data spend giving them high supplier power.\u003e\n\u003cptheir real-time pricing news feeds and api integrations are mission-critical often require multi-year contracts system-level integration raising switching costs vendor lock-in.\u003e\n\u003cpa industry survey showed a rise in market-data fees year-over-year for some clients so any vendor price hike directly raises bocom research and trading operating costs.\u003e\n\u003c\/pa\u003e\u003c\/ptheir\u003e\u003c\/pfinancial\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrategic Dependence on the Parent Bank\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a subsidiary of Bank of Communications (601328.SH), Bocom International depends on its parent for capital, liquidity, and distribution; Bank of Communications held a 58% stake as of 2024, supplying low-cost funding that cut Bocom Intl’s funding spread by an estimated 40–70 bps vs independent brokers in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRegulatory and Exchange Infrastructure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Securities and Futures Commission act as near‑monopoly suppliers of trading infrastructure and legal frameworks, setting listing rules, transaction fees and surveillance requirements with no meaningful negotiation room for BOCOM International.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompliance costs rose materially through 2025: BOCOM reported a 12% rise in regulatory expense year‑on‑year, driven by digital asset rulemaking and new ESG reporting standards that increased disclosure and IT spend.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHKEX\/SFC control access and fees\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo bargaining power for BOCOM International\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegulatory expenses +12% y\/y to 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital asset and ESG rules drive IT and disclosure costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCybersecurity and Cloud Infrastructure Vendors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReliance on cloud and cybersecurity vendors has risen as digital-first services grow, making these suppliers critical for client-data protection and 24\/7 trading uptime; global cloud market spending reached about $600B in 2023 and financial-sector security budgets rose ~12% in 2024, increasing vendor leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSwitching major cloud providers is complex and costly—migration can take 6–18 months and cost millions—creating lock-in that strengthens supplier bargaining power and raises switching-cost risks for Bocom International.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2023 global cloud spend ≈ $600B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinancial cybersecurity budgets up ~12% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVendor lock-in: migrations 6–18 months, multimillion-dollar cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuppliers’ leverage fuels rising costs: talent churn, data fees, funding gaps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers hold high leverage: talent churn ~18% in 2025, senior pay HKD 5–8m; market‑data vendors capture \u0026gt;70% spend with fees +12–18% y\/y; parent Bank of Communications (58% owner in 2024) supplies cheaper funding (−40–70 bps); HKEX\/SFC and cloud\/cyber vendors create lock‑in (migration 6–18 months, multimillion cost), driving rising compliance and IT expenses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTalent churn (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~18%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSenior pay (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHKD 5–8m\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarket‑data share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;70%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData fees rise\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+12–18% y\/y\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParent stake (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e58%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFunding spread benefit\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−40–70 bps\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCloud migration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6–18 months, $m cost\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncovers competitive pressures, customer and supplier influence, and entry\/substitute risks specific to Bocom International, offering strategic insights into threats, bargaining power, and protective market dynamics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise Porter's Five Forces one-sheet for Bocom International—rapidly assess competitive pressures and make confident strategy or investment calls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentration of Institutional Clients\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cplarge institutional investors and pension funds hold outsized bargaining power over bocom international because the top clients managed roughly of traded asset volumes in china by letting them extract lower commissions fee breaks. these routinely demand bespoke research priority ipo allocations with large orders often tied to discount tiers that cut commission revenue end-2025 consolidation left largest controlling an estimated aum pushing offer higher value-added services algo execution dedicated coverage retain loyalty.\u003e\n\u003c\/plarge\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorporate Client Leverage in Capital Markets\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorporate clients seeking IPO underwriting or M\u0026amp;A advisory in Hong Kong can choose among top-tier banks—Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, UBS and local rivals—keeping average Hong Kong IPO underwriting fees around 2.5% in 2024 and deal-count competition up 12% y\/y. This buyer power forces price and valuation pressure on BOCOM International, which must match fee terms and deliver higher deal execution quality. BOCOM’s Mainland network and onshore access—China-listed deal flow grew 18% in 2024—offers differentiated value global banks may lack, helping retain high-value mandates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh Net Worth Individual Mobility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWealthy clients in Greater China increasingly hold multi-bank relationships and digital wallets, with UHNW (ultra-high-net-worth) wealth in the region rising 6.5% in 2024 to $6.4 trillion (Capgemini 2025), making asset portability easy and bargaining power high. Low switching costs and fintech rails mean Bocom International must offer exclusive, hard-to-replicate products and bespoke wealth management—otherwise industry churn rates near 15% for affluent segments will bite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePrice Transparency and Fee Compression\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rise of digital trading platforms made brokerage fees transparent; in 2024 global retail commission-free trades exceeded 60% of US equity volume, pressuring standard commissions down 20–40% versus 2019 levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClients now compare costs easily, squeezing margins so Bocom International (Bank of Communications International) has shifted from transaction fees toward fee-based advisory and wealth-management, boosting non-trading income to ~35% of securities revenue in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital trading share \u0026gt;60% (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustry commission decline 20–40% since 2019\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBocom Intl non-trading income ~35% of securities revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInformation Symmetry and Research Accessibility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith AI models and open datasets, proprietary research value fell: a 2024 Greenwich Associates survey found 42% of institutional investors increased use of alternative data and AI tools, cutting reliance on single banks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClients now aggregate reports from multiple vendors, so Bocom Intl must offer niche, actionable analysis—e.g., sector-specific forecasts or proprietary transaction-level models—to command premium fees.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e42% of institutions using AI\/alt data (Greenwich, 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommoditization lowers retention unless research is unique\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocus: proprietary models, deal intelligence, execution insights\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCustomers Dictate Markets: Top Clients, Digital Traders \u0026amp; UHNW Control Share\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustomers hold high bargaining power: top 20 clients drove ~28% traded volumes (2025), top 50 funds control ~42% AUM (2025), UHNW wealth in Greater China $6.4T (2024), retail digital trading \u0026gt;60% share (2024), Bocom Intl non-trading income ~35% of securities revenue (2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop-20 volume share (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop-50 AUM share (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUHNW wealth GC (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$6.4T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDigital trading share (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-trading income (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~35%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBocom International Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Bocom International Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive upon purchase—no placeholders, no samples, fully formatted and ready for immediate download and use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747395514745,"sku":"bocomgroup-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/bocomgroup-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772198013","url":"https:\/\/matrixbcg.com\/products\/bocomgroup-five-forces-analysis","provider":"MatrixBCG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}